Most of these systems include multiple planets with closely spaced orbits and sizes between that of Earth and Neptune. Recently, NASA's Kepler mission has identified over 300 systems with multiple transiting planet candidates, including many potentially rocky planets. These and subsequent observations inspired new theories of planet formation that invoke gravitation interactions in multiple planet systems to explain the excitation of orbital eccentricities and even short-period giant planets. Prospects for future instruments, and suggest how they could place interestingĭoppler planet searches revealed that many giant planets orbit close to their host star or in highly eccentric orbits. Populations should be detectable with current technology, quantify the
We demonstrate that several members of such We predict that planet scatteringĬreates a population of detectable giant planets on wide orbits that decreases Must take into account the age of the system. Planets may survive, quantify the efficiency of gravitational scattering intoīoth stable and unstable wide orbits, and demonstrate that population analyses We estimate the limits within which these Here, we show that dynamical instabilitiesĪmong planetary systems that originally formed multiple giant planets muchĬloser to the host star could produce a population of giant planets at large The gravitational instability model for planet formation are hard-pressed toįorm long-period planets in situ. Searches by predicting a population of young giant planets that could beĭetectable by direct imaging campaigns. Direct imaging searches have begun to detect planetary and brown dwarfĬompanions and to place constraints on the presence of giant planets at large
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